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Single Molecule Properties
It is now possible to make molecular and nano elements with a variety of electrical, optical, and chemical properties. Semi conducting and metallic nanowires, organic molecules, carbon nanotubes, and biological molecules exhibit properties that might be combined to produce complex functionality. The challenge remains to assemble multiple elements with differing properties in predefined arrangements in order to achieve complex functionality. The capability to position molecules between electrical contacts and measure properties is new and recent measurements offer exciting insight into the behavior of individual molecules. The effects of coupling between electrodes and/or substrate and electroactive molecules are critical and will be an essential limitation to integration and application of nanostructures or may provide avenues to new combinations of functionality. Using combinations of microfabrication and e-beam lithography it is possible to make circuits of individual molecules and nanostructures. Scanning probe based property measurements can then characterize individual defects, contact potential and proximity effects.