HW1 CSE140 Cognitive Science 2006 1) Objections to the Turing Test a) List four objections to the Turing test and give a short (1-3 sentence) summary of each. b) What Marr level is each of the above objections operating at? c) Pick your favorite of the four objections and briefly (less than 1/2 page) describe a test for determining whether a Martian is intelligent that, unlike the Turing test, would address the objection. 2) Dualism, Behaviorism, Functionalism a) Give a one sentence description of each of the following five theories of the mind-body relationship. 1. Dualism 2. Behaviorism 3. Identity Theory 4. Functionalism 5. Eliminativism b) Listed below are three statements a person may make to to argue against one of the theories. Match each statement with the theory it argues against. i) "Socially acceptable behavior is believed to be moderated by the prefrontal cortex. This part of the brain is found only in humans, yet many other types of animals seem to adhere to the societal rules of their species." ii) "Sometimes people smile even when they're not happy" iii) "Ritalin is a stimulant that affects the central nervous system. It also helps people with Attention Deficit Disorder concentrate." 3) Imagine the following scenario: You, a monolingual English speaker, are locked in a room full of boxes of Chinese symbols (let's call them the database) together with a book of instructions for manipulating the symbols (the program). People outside the room send in other Chinese symbols which, unknown to you, are questions in Chinese (the input). By following the instructions in the program, you are able to pass out Chinese symbols which are correct answers to the questions (the output). Thus, the program enables you to pass the Turing Test although you do not understand a word of Chinese. a) One could claim that just as you do not understand Chinese by just implementing the program in the scenario, neither does any computer applying similar methods. Which of the following views of the mind would be consistent with that claim? Which contradict it? Explain in 4-5 sentences. 1. Dualism 2. Behaviorism 3. Identity Theory 4. Functionalism 5. Eliminativism b. One might also claim that any meaning extracted from the Chinese symbols would be necessarily derived and not intrinsic to the process or to you, the processor. What would Dennett have to say about such a distinction? Explain in 3-4 sentences. 4) Kinds of Minds Every year, Penn competes in the Robocup (http://www.cis.upenn.edu/robocup/index.php), an international robotics tournament in which teams of robots play soccer. The robots receive no help from humans while they're on the field; everything they do is based on the "decisions" made by the software running them. Imagine you're watching a match and you see a robot moving straight across the field toward the ball. Describe briefly describe the actions the robot might make to kick a goal. a) using a "physical stance" b) using a "design stance" c) using an "intentional stance" d) Is the robot an intentional system? If so, what components (or actions) of it make it intentional? If not, what does it lack to be intentional? 5) Label each of the following as "linear", "exponential or bigger", or "in between linear and exponential", and briefly explain why. a) I take a list of students and sort them by GPA by the following algorithm: Starting with the first student in the list I compare it to the student next to it in the list. If the second student has a lower GPA, I swap the two students so that the first student is in the second position now. I repeat this process all the way down the list (comparing 2 to 3 and 3 to 4, etc) until I reach the end. Then I restart at the beginning of the list and repeat the process as many times as it takes until the list is ordered. (Hint: It will not take more than n passes through the list, where n = the number of students) b) I'm trying to get from city A to city B. To determine the path that I'm going to take, I look at city A on a map and I trace each road out of it to the next city. (Assume there are only 3 roads out of any city, and that one never gets back to a city one has visited before.) Every time I come to a new city I follow the 3 roads out of it until, eventually, one road hits the city I'm trying to get to. 6) Turing Machines a) Simulate (either by hand or using the web applet) the following Turing machine. 1,1 1,1,> 1,_ 1,1,> 1,= 2,_,< 2,1 3,_,< 3,1 H,1,> What is the sequence of states produced by the machine given the following input string? 1_111= b) Is the output for the input string 111_1 the same as that in (a)? Explain briefly.