pH Dependence of Indicator Dye Spectra

Class: BE210
Group: W5
Members: Walter Aughenbaugh, Seema Patel, Matthew Samuelowitz, Adrianne Wenisch
Date: May 7, 1999

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Abstract:
The main objective of the project was to evaluate a universal indicator that will prompt a color change at different units of pH.  An already existing universal indicator, the Yamada Universal Indicator (YUI), was prepared and analyzed.  The individual indicators that constitute YUI were separately prepared and placed into buffered solutions of whole number pH values from 4 to10, the range for which YUI was designed.  Spectrophotometric analysis of the resulting test solutions shows that each of the indicators “add” at each pH value to induce the appropriate color change.  A survey was conducted to test the reliability of the YUI in determining whole number pH values of test solutions for pH values of 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 ? 0.1, ? 0.2, and ? 0.3 based on the color of the test solutions.  The results of the survey show that at least 95.0% of the participants correctly identified the nearest whole number pH of test solutions with pH’s of 5.9-6.1, 6.7-7.0, and 8.1.  Thus, the YUI has only restricted uses in practical situations due to its limited reliability, as defined by the 95.0% confidence limit.